Visual Impairment (Ref. 6.34 Code of Practice)

Level 0

  • development is in line with the typically developing child or young person (CYP)
  • there may be fluctuations within the typical range
  • needs of CYP can be adequately met through Quality First Teaching and carefully considered differentiation
  • the child may use glasses for refractive errors but the use of these will correct them

Level 1

  • there may be difficulty with near or distance field vision but the difficulty will not be significant at this level of support and/or may be correctable with consideration to school and classroom environment
  • CYP may have a restricted field of vision or vision impairment in one eye
  • colour blindness may be present. CYP may have patching for squints, monocular vision or may have fluctuating vision impairment
  • strategies, monitoring and advice from the specialist outreach team are required for the CYP to progress at an expected rate
  • CYP may require additional equipment, such as a sloping desk or an iPad, to support learning
  • they are likely to require learning resources in large print (font size 14-18) and/or different coloured paper

Level 2

  • CYP will have a bilateral visual impairment and will require differentiated visual materials with support. Typical profile for a level 2 pupil with vision impairment: NatSIP Criteria - Moderate vision loss less than 6/19 - 6/36 SnellenKay (0.5-0.78 LogMAR). CYP may have a restricted field of vision. This may include fluctuating visual impairment and/or deteriorating conditions
  • the visual impairment may have been recently acquired, permanent or a late diagnosis
  • CYP may require support to interact with adults and peers
  • CYP may be required to learn to touch-type
  • specialist assistive technology may be required. They are likely to require enlarged print 18-24 print but may be able to access pictures and colours. They may require different coloured paper
  • CYP requires ongoing support and intervention from outside agencies, including VI outreach service

Level 3

  • CYP will have a bilateral visual impairment. Typical profile for a level 3 pupil with vision impairment. NatSIP Criteria - Severe loss less than 6/36 - 6/120 Snellen/Kay (LogMAR 0.8 - 1.3)
  • CYP will have significantly impaired functional vision in the educational setting affecting the presentation of the curriculum and the school or classroom environment
  • the CYP's presentation may be compounded by other problems such as visual field loss, ocular motor impairment, visual perception difficulties or the presence of degenerative visual conditions
  • CYP's level of impairment may also significantly impact on their level of communication, interaction and emotional development and CYP is likely to need some level of additional support in these areas
  • CYP will require printed materials to be modified to ensure access to learning. They will likely require enlarged materials of print size 24-36 and be unable to access pictures, graphs or diagrams visually without modification
  • strategies, monitoring and advice from VI outreach services are required for the CYP to progress at an expected rate
  • CYP requires long term support for the majority of the day in all areas of school and everyday life (e.g. attending extra- curricular activities)
  • the CYP may be unlikely to have or to be able to interpret appropriate non-verbal communication and will require support with communication and interaction
  • CYP may need mobility, orientation and independent living skills training. CYP may be a cane user

Level 4

  • CYP will have a bilateral visual impairment. Typical profile for a level 4 pupil with vision impairment. NatSIP Criteria -Profound loss - Less than 6/120 Snellen/Kay (LogMAR 1.32+)
  • the CYP may have little functional sight or be educationally blind and their needs will be permanent and long-term due to the nature of their condition. This will significantly impact on their learning, communication and social and emotional development
  • the CYP may have a multi disability and visual impairment (MDVI)
  • the CYP's presentation will be compounded by other factors such as visual field loss, ocular motor impairment, visual perception difficulties or the presence of degenerative visual conditions
  • CYP is likely to use print size larger than N36 or be Braille users or require other tactile teaching methods and explanation to understand all new concepts
  • the CYP will require use of specialist equipment and training to use it
  • strategies, monitoring and advice from VI outreach services are required for the CYP to make progress
  • CYP requires support for the entire day all in areas of school and everyday life (e.g. attending extra- curricular activities)
  • the CYP will be unlikely to have or to be able to interpret appropriate non-verbal communication and will require support with communication and interaction
  • CYP will need mobility, orientation and independent living skills training. CYP may be a cane user