Introduction, how vaccines work and types of vaccines
Introduction: Importance of Vaccinations
Vaccines protect us, our families, and our communities from serious diseases. They help our bodies learn to fight germs, so we don’t get sick. Vaccines help stop diseases from spreading and protect people who cannot have vaccines due to health problems.
Vaccines also reduce the need for antibiotics, which helps stop germs from becoming resistant to medicine. This keeps treatments working well for everyone.
Vaccines are a key part of modern medicine. They help people live healthier lives and keep communities strong.
How Vaccines Work
Vaccines contain tiny, safe parts of germs. These parts don’t make you sick, but they help your body learn how to fight the real germs later.
After a vaccine, you might feel tired, have a sore arm, or get a mild fever. These are normal signs that your body is learning to protect you. Serious side effects are very rare.
Types of Vaccines
Routine Vaccines
Protect against diseases like Measles, Diphtheria, RSV, and Polio. Free on the NHS.
Seasonal Vaccines
Flu and COVID-19 vaccines are offered every year. Flu vaccines are free for people in eligble groups, including school-aged children. COVID‑19 vaccines are also free for people who meet the current eligibility rules. Older people are eligible for the RSV and pneumococcal vaccines which protect against winter viruses.
Maternity Vaccines
Given during pregnancy to protect mum or birthing parent and baby from flu, whooping cough (Pertussis) and RSV.
Risk-Based Vaccines
For people at higher risk due to age, health, or travel. Includes the BCG vaccine for TB where eligible.
Travel Vaccines
Needed for travel to certain countries. Some are free, others may need to be paid for.